The Beauty of Shakespeares Sonnets - 1350 Words

In todays society, not many books or songs describe the true value of human relationships. Most popular songs and books are all about partying and doing things that make us forget about morals. However, if you were to read some of Shakespeares sonnets, you would find that human relationships are very much valued. By showing that friendship can mend a persons sorrows, that love could and should be immortalized, and that marriage between two individuals can be strong and true, Shakespeares sonnets 55, 30, and 116 truly explain the real value of human relationships. In most of Shakespeares sonnets, he appears to write about his insecurities in relationships, or his own self-worth. However, in sonnet 55, Shakespeare expresses†¦show more content†¦Shakespeare sees himself as a non emotional person, when he states in his poem, â€Å"Then I can drown my eye unused to flow†(Shakespeare 30). In sonnet 30, Shakespeare talks about conjuring up his past that contain sad memories, but when he thinks of his loved ones, his sadness goes away. This is an emotional connection to how Shakespeare shares his value of human relationships. It shows that when you and another person share a strong connection, you both can help each other through anything. Thats one way Shakespeare shows the value of human relationships in sonnet 30. Shakespeare not only expresses the good in human relationships, but also the hard and sad times as well. Though love is a beautiful thing, with it, comes struggle and sadness over time. At some point, everyone is going to leave this world, and unfortunately, lovers cannot leave together. Shakespeare shows his readers this when he says, â€Å" For precious friends hid in deaths dateless night, and weep afresh loves long cancelled woe, and moan th expense on many a vanished sight† (Shakespeare 30). Grieving is and will always be apart of a relationship, because in order to move on, we as humans need to go through this process. Shakespeare expresses this in a sensitive way which shows how strongly he feels about love and relationships. When people are in there deepest depression, sometimes just thinking of someone you love can help ease your mind. We see this inShow MoreRelatedThe Beauty Of Love In Shakespeares Sonnet 1161112 Words   |  5 Pagesfamous sonnets in its entire sequence of its time and modern day, are â€Å"Sonnet 130† and â€Å"Sonnet 116†. Both poems, written by William Shakespeare, revolve around the theme of love. â€Å"Sonnet 130†, compares the imperfect physical attributes of the speaker’s mistress in essence of hi s extraordinary love for her. â€Å"Sonnet 116†, expresses the speaker’s idea of infinite and genuine love through defining what love is and is not. Throughout both compositions, William Shakespeare communicates the beauty of loveRead MoreShakespeares Exploration in Sonnet 2 of the Themes of Age and Beauty1459 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeares Exploration in Sonnet 2 of the Themes of Age and Beauty  · Look closely at effects of language, imagery and handling of the sonnet form. * Comment on ways in which the poem’s methods and concerns are characteristic of other Shakespeare sonnets you have studied. The second of Shakespeare’s sonnets conveys an argument the poet is making somewhat implicitly to a subject whose identity is hazy and unknown to the reader, even in retrospect. The simplifiedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 1301123 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s Sonnet 130 is an unconventional confession of love to his mistress, despite first interpretations. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 parodies the Petrarchan sonnet – popular during the Elizabethan period. Shakespeare uses figures of speech, sarcasm, and the Petrarchan form against itself to mock the ways in which feminine beauty is unrealistically compared to nature and represented. Due to Sidney’s and Spenser’s large impact regarding the popularization of the Petrarchan sonnet, ShakespeareRead MoreShakespeares Sonnets: the Theme of Love1314 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeares poems are the monument of a remarkable genius but they are also the monuments of a remarkable age. The greatness of Shakespeares achievement was largely made possible by the work of his immediate predecessors, Sidney and Spenser. br brShakespeares sonnets are intensely personal and are records of his hopes and fears, love and friendships, infatuations and disillusions that in turn acquire a universal quality through their intensity. br brThe vogue of the sonnet in the ElizabethanRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare and Edmund Spenser771 Words   |  4 Pagesother in their own unique ways. In Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 18† and Spenser’s â€Å"Sonnet 75†, both poets speak of love in terms of feelings and actions by using different expressive views, allowing the similar topics to contain clear distinctions. Although Edmund Spenser’s â€Å"Sonnet 75† and William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 18† relate in the sense that love is genuine and everlasting, Spenser suggests love more optimistically, whereas Shakespeare focuses on expressing the beauty and stability of love. WhileRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnets 1610 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare glorified the beauty of his love with the beauty of seasons and nature, while strongly opposing the passage of time with its destructive nature. In his 154 sonnets, there are clear examples of passage of time that highlight both his stylistic techniques as well as key personal events in his life. Early poems discuss his thoughts about love and birth, while later works typify his romantic nature with vivid imagery that highlight beauty. Although Shakespeare’s poems center on the subjectRead More Shakespeare?s Sonnets: The Theme Of Love Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pages Shakespeare’s poems are the monument of a remarkable genius but they are also the monuments of a remarkable age. The greatness of Shakespeare’s achievement was largely made possible by the work of his immediate predecessors, Sidney and Spenser. Shakespeare’s sonnets are intensely personal and are records of his hopes and fears, love and friendships, infatuations and disillusions that in turn acquire a universal quality through their intensity. The vogue of the sonnet in the Elizabethan age wasRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 601250 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s sonnet 60 expresses the inevitable end that comes with time and uses this dark truth to express his hopefulness that his poetry will carry his beloved’s beauty and worth into the future in some way so that it may never die. This love poem is, as all sonnets are, fourteen lines. Three quatrains form these fourteen lines, and each quatrain consists of two lines. Furthermore, the last two lines that follow these quatrains are known as the couplet. This sonnet has the rhyme scheme of ABABRead MoreDicussion of the Purpose of Shakespeares Sonnet 181129 Words   |  5 Pages Shakespeares collection of sonnets is heralded as one of the greatest, most ambitious sonnet collections in English literature. Of these154 sonnets, the first 126 of them are addressed to a fair youth, a beatiful young man, with whom Shakespeare has developed an intimate friendship. The overarching theme of devotion in antimony to mortality denotes that â€Å"Sonnet 18† is predominantly a love poem. Accordingly the purpose of the poem seems initially to be to compare his beloved friends handsomnessRead MoreA Very Brief Biography of William Shakespeare1609 Words   |  6 Pagesplays and poems that are still highly valued in the present literary world. Shakespeare’s conventional themes for most of his plays and poems are about universal matters such as love, jealousy, and beauty which were common focus during the Renaissance era. During this period, Shakespeare’s poems, Sonnet 29 and Sonnet 130, demonstrates his views and morals regarding love to convey the them e of triumph of true love over beauty and wealth. William Shakespeare born and raised in â€Å"provincial town of

My Role Model Free Essays

MY ROLE MODEL Almost everyone has a role model in their life. They could be a parent, a friend, a teacher, or a sports hero. They could be the D. We will write a custom essay sample on My Role Model or any similar topic only for you Order Now A. R. E officer who works in your school. He could be someone you read about in a book. A role model is hard to define, because it can be different for everyone. Who your role model is depends as much on you as it does on the person you admire. Often, it is someone you would like to be like when you get older, or someone who does something you find hard to do. They might be somebody who performs outstanding volunteer work. They might be a community leader. They might be your mentor. Maybe they are generous and kind. Maybe they performed an extraordinary feat or accomplishment. They might be someone in your neighborhood, or someone in another country. Typically, a role model is brave, smart, strong, kind, thoughtful and fun. Not that every role model is perfect. Unless it is someone out of a storybook, role models are people who might be outstanding in only one or two areas. Or maybe it is someone who is far less than perfect, but is working to improve himself or herself. I personally believe that a good role model should have certain qualities, and he should†¦ * Have a good personality * Be humble * Be respectable * Be ambitious When we had to choose a role model, one name appeared clearly in my head. I didn’t see, and couldn’t see, anyone else but Gandhi. Indeed, in my opinion, it’s this man who gives meaning to the expression, â€Å"role model. † I don’t think there’s a more charismatic role model in history. Indeed, he accomplished such important and brave things that he must be one of the most well-known heroes in the world. Gandhi was born in India in 1869 during the period of colonies. He lived under the English occupation and, as a consequence, suffered from oppression and the authority of colonists. However, what disturbed him the most was the fact that his country, or rather his nation, couldn’t make decisions by itself anymore and hope to evolve and grow. Gandhi, who was lucky to have been educated, was the first man in this painful period who dared to refuse the British authority using pacifist methods. Indeed, boycotts and other peaceful ways like hunger strikes enabled India to get its independence from the United Kingdom. As far as I am concerned, Gandhi is really an exemplary man. I feel that Gandhi was a positive role model in society because he enabled India to get its independence, but his influence didn’t stop at this moment. his ideas of independence kept on living beyond the borders and reached all the other colonized countries. His influence was such that many nations took their independence just after India did. Thanks to him, all of those people were able to hope again and, in my opinion, it’s one of the qualities that the definition of a role model requires. If we followed his example in life, we would stop killing each other and, instead, discuss and resolve problems together without useless violence. It may take a long time, but I think it’s worth trying. All of this shows that Gandhi is actually someone who can be considered as a role model. He was both brave and intelligent. Indeed, not only was he courageous because he defied the authorities, but he was also talented because he didn’t use physical strength to get what he wished. All in all, for my part, Gandhi must be considered as one of the most important personalities history has ever known. I think he deserves to have this status How to cite My Role Model, Essay examples

Risk Analysis in Pharmaceutical and Biotech Industry

Question: Discuss about theRisk Analysis in Pharmaceutical and Biotech Industry. Answer: Introduction The company undertaken for review us Benitec Limited. This is the company that is engaged in the development of the novel, proprietary therapeutic technology platform which helps in combing the various genes silencing and gene therapy and has the goal of providing a sustained and a long lasting silence of the disease that causes the genes from a single administration. This technology is believed to have the potential of one shot cure for a majority of the diseases and they have been addressed by following the stricter ongoing treatment regimes and also has an effective treatment of all the care options. The company uses the technology referred to as the DNA directed RNA interface. This is used for the development of the pipeline products of the candidates for a variety of the treatments which involves several chronic and life threatening human diseases such as hepatitis B, age related muscular degeneration etc. these are the diseases that have a large patient population and has an exception of the OPMD which is considered to be very rare disease (Benitec, 2016). Foreign Currency Risk: As per the annual report of the company, the company is exposed to the foreign currency risk. And for this the company has many of the transactional currency exposures. Such an exposure gives rise to the licensing fees along with an increased amount of royalty. Further, the company also incurred an expenditure in the currencies which are other than the currency measurement of the unit. This goes with the expenditure of the group that are denominated in the other currencies as well other than the currency in which the same has been measured. Without taking into account the unrealised movements in the loans entered into between the various parent and the subsidiary companies, the income denominated in the foreign currency and the expenditure contributes to about less than 15% of the total of the transactions of the group and hence, the management would have an access to the various movements in the foreign exchange that would affect the financial statements. Credit Risk: The company is also exposed to the credit risk which arises from the investment that have been made in the various assets of the group. This contributes to the cash and cash equivalents and in the trade and the trade receivables. The group is also exposed to the credit risk from the various potential counter party payments and this has an exposure of the maximum amount which is somewhat equal to its carrying amount. There are various exposures each as on the date of reporting in respect there is an assessment and the same has bene disclosed in the financial statements. Liquidity Risk: Liquidity risk is another risk that the company is exposed to and the main objective of the company is to obtain the revenue from commercialisation and also contribute to the access to the funding markets. The company has a number of different programs that undertakes the research and development and also this originates form the licensing transactions with many of the pharmaceutical companies. Also, the trade payables along with the other financial liabilities takes place from the various financing activities of the research that was under progress and also there were many of the development programs that were in addition to the operations of the business in general. Inherent Risk: The next risk is the interest risk which generates the income form the interest on the various surplus funds (Benitec, 2016). The pharmaceutical and the biotechnology industry of the country is somewhat exposed to many of the changes that takes place in the global operating environment of these companies. These are the changes that challenges the sustainability of the various global and the Australian pharmaceutical industry along with the various companies and the individuals to which they are composed of. These are some of the changes that have come into existence during the global financial crisis and that has a significant impact over the industry of the pharmaceuticals. The global financial crisis pressurises these companies and has also led to the loss of jobs in this local industry and has also reduced the research and the development activities of the industry along with the manufacturing and the commercialisation activity. There is a difficulty in the sourcing for the biotechnology companies since they pursue the various drug development activities. These companies have a lower amount of cash reserves and hence it often becomes to raise the capital that they require to survive as the independent companies. In the nutshell, it is quite not likely that there is a reduction in the growth of the expenditure on this industry on the activity of research and development along with a further reduction in the employment. There is a negative predictions in the short term in which the companies remain firm in the view that they have the long term prognosis for the positive Australian pharmaceutical industry (Sai global, 2016). The industry has the world class research and medical based and this ensures a very strong research sector. There is a maturing biotechnology sector and also an expertise in the specialised manufacturing that helps in driving the string export performances for these companies. In this, the government plays a vital role since the government of the country plays a very important role when it comes to the creation of the right to the operating environment for a more successful and viable pharmaceutical industry for its emergence. These companies are of the view that the country is very competitive in nature since there is an involvement of research and development, clinical trials and the manufacturing sectors helps in ensuring a positive and an increase in the economic and a social contribution to the country. There is a viable and a sustainable pharmaceutical industry (Industry, 2016). Technological Risks: This industry is also exposed to the technological risks since there are rapid changes in the technology that have been taking place on a regular basis. And hence, the risks in this technology is immense. And due to the stiff competition in the country in this sector, there are many of the companies that are working on the similar lines and that causes an increased competition amongst these companies which makes them highly competitive. Legal and Regulatory Risks: There is also legal and regulatory risk that this company is exposed to since there are number of laws, rules and regulations that govern the manufacture of the various medicines etc. of the company (Invest in Australia, 2016). There are a number of trends that the industry is exposed to. First is the ageing population which has been ageing faster and hence, there are new diseases taking place which means more extensive medical treatments. The second are the demographic trends. There is an increase in the demand for the curative treatments along with an increase in the demand for the various preventive treatments. There is also an increase in the demand for the various elective surgeries and the treatments that renders the demand for the safe and less invasive medical technologies (The Australian, 2016). All the techniques of valuation of these risks are undertaken through an aggressive risk assessment of the various factors such as the management, market, science and technology, financial and funding phase (Venture evaluation, 2016). The following are the various risk valuation methods: Discounted cash flow: this is the method through which the future free cash flows could be computed and the way of discounting, they are used for the purposes of driving these to their present value. These method helps in the estimation of the values for the various potential investments. This method helps in the production of the various values that are somewhat higher than their initial investment which helps in indicating the investment that could be worthwhile and also must be taken into account. Risk adjusted net present value: this is the method that employs the use principles as the method that has been stated as above. But there is only one exception which is the fact that each one of the future cash flow is adjusted with the rate of the risk and then multiplied with the probability at which the same has been taking place. The probability in this case would be the probability of the success rate of any particular product or the drug that has been estimated by the way of comparing the drug with its different phases of development. Venture capital method: this method is for the investors that are looking for an exit within the period of 3 to 7 years. This method is used when it comes to the determination of the return of the investors that is expected from that investment Market comparable method: this method helps in the estimation of the valuation which is based in the market capitalisation of the many comparable companies. Comparable transaction method: this method helps this is the method that helps in valuing the company by the way of comparing the similar sized private company which is somewhat similar in the stated field. Decision tree analysis: this is the method which helps in the forecasting all the future outcomes by the way of assigning the certain probability in each of the decision (Mayer brown, 2016). There are mainly 2 types of options, one is put and call. The call option gives the holder the right to buy the underlying asset at an exercise price at a predetermined rate. In this, the buyer would have the right but not the obligation to buy some of the assets. On the other hand, the seller has been obliged to buy the same asset at an agreed terms. The buyer of the option refers to the case wherein there is a price of the financial instrument that he has bene growing. The seller of the call option in turn gets the price of the various financial instruments. Put option on the other hand refers to an agreement between the two sides of the exchange of an underlying asset at some of a specified price which is also the strike price and is by a predetermined rate as on the date of maturity or expiry. There is another option of the European options in which the Black Scholes option is considered to be the best option while there are many of the American options that are valued with the use of the binomial trees. This model is somewhat based on the financial call option which comprises of the new product development after the way of considering all of the relevant factors in these biotech companies (Ljumovi?, 2012). These real options when considered to be from the view of the value enhancement strategy helps in the maximisation of the various variables that are correlated with the value of the firm. There are many of the ways for such of the variables. This is due to the accounting variables such as the earnings or the return on investment. There is a marketing variable such as the share in the market. There is a cash flow variable which is the return on the cash flows on investment. There is a cash flow variable which has been risk adjusted, such as the Economic Value Added. There are various advantages when it comes to using these variable that they are. There are many of the simpler and a easier way of using the discounted cash flow system. But these have the disadvantage of the fact that the simplicity is always at a cost. These are the variables that are related with the value of the discounted cash flows. The method of economic value added helps in the measurement of the surplus of the va lue which has been created on an investment. The value of the firm would never go for a change when there is just a different metric for the value. All of these approaches uses the discounted cash flows that must yield the same value for the business. And this is what makes the use of the assumptions that are constant in nature. In case, there is a different in the value from the various different approaches, then the same would be attributable to the variety of the differences in the assumptions. These would be explicit or implicit behind each of the valuation (HBR, 2016) (Damodaran, 2012). The main key for the purposes of avoiding the mismatch in the various cash flows and the discount rates would be the discounting of these cash flows to the equity at the weighted average cost of capital that would lead to the upward biased estimation of the value of the equity. Whereas on the other hand, there would be discounting of these cash flows to the firm at the cost of equity that would yield in the downward biased estimate of the value of the firm (Stern, 2016). There have been many of the studies that have shown that there is a revolution of the real options for the purposes of valuing the various tasks in the pharmaceutical companies. Also, these real options are not considered to be obsolete in this industry and hence, these could be used. Another method that could be applies is the concept of return on assets which is considered to be the concept which is all about gaining the favour since it provides the project analysis which is holistic in nature. This also does not take into account the change in the various methods of the current valuation. This is the knowledge of the various theoretical foundations that helps in the analysis of the real options in the pharmaceutical section which seems better when it comes to the analysis of the various financial service companies. Hence the adoption of these real options would be advisable for this company and industry in which it operates. References: Annual report 2014. (2016).www.benitec.com. [online] Available at: https://www.benitec.com/documents/investor-centre/reports/BLT_Annual_Report_2014.pdf [Accessed 11 Oct. 2016]. Benitec.com. (2016).Read our story | Benitec. [online] Available at: https://www.benitec.com/about/our-story [Accessed 11 Oct. 2016]. Harvard Business Review. (1998).Strategy as a Portfolio of Real Options. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/1998/09/strategy-as-a-portfolio-of-real-options [Accessed 11 Oct. 2016]. Industry.gov.au. (2016).Pharmaceuticals Industry. [online] Available at: https://www.industry.gov.au/industry/IndustrySectors/PharmaceuticalsandHealthTechnologies/Pharmaceuticals/Pages/default.aspx [Accessed 11 Oct. 2016]. Investinaustralia.com. (2016).Australia - Biotech Sector | Invest in Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.investinaustralia.com/industry/biotechnology/australia-biotech-sector [Accessed 11 Oct. 2016]. Ljumovi?, I. (2011).Valuation of Biotechnology Companies: Real Options Apporach Under Uncertainity. [online] ageconsearch.umn.edu. Available at: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/123958/2/4%20-%20Ljumovic,%20Cvijanovic,%20Lazic.pdf [Accessed 11 Oct. 2016]. people.stern.nyu.edu. (2012).Valuation: Packet 3 Real Options, Acquisition Valuation and Value Enhancement. [online] Available at: https://people.stern.nyu.edu/adamodar/pdfiles/eqnotes/packet3a.pdf [Accessed 11 Oct. 2016]. people.stern.nyu.edu. (2016).Basics of Discounted Cash Flow Valuation. [online] Available at: https://people.stern.nyu.edu/adamodar/pdfiles/basics.pdf [Accessed 11 Oct. 2016]. SAIGlobal. (2016).Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Industry Risk - SAI Global - SAI Global. [online] Available at: https://www.saiglobal.com/en-au/pharmaceutical_and_biotechnology/ [Accessed 11 Oct. 2016]. Tasker, S. and Tasker, S. (2016).Australia risks biotech RD. [online] Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/australia-risks-biotech-rd-spend/news-story/d204fdd445748efa674018d0d4fffa5a [Accessed 11 Oct. 2016]. Venturevaluation.com. (2016).Valuation methods | Venture Valuation. [online] Available at: https://www.venturevaluation.com/en/methodology/valuation-methods [Accessed 11 Oct. 2016]. www.mayerbrown.com. (2016).Pharma Biotech. [online] Available at: https://www.mayerbrown.com/files/Publication/53189dc5-d8f8-45aa-9d4d-62646b17c2e8/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/c7199cda-f73d-4377-a09d-cc26afc93408/0728ten_Valuation_Report.pdf [Accessed 11 Oct. 2016].

National Integration Essay Example

National Integration Paper National Integration: A myth or reality The integrity of any nation invariably depends on the integrity of its citizens. After all, it is the individuals who constitute society or a nation. Society or nation minus individuals is nothing. The individual is a reality; whereas the society is a myth. The society exists because of individuals. Therefore, the integration of a nation is only a mere manifestation of the integrity of the individual. The more one is integrated and undivided, the more the society is integrated and undivided. So the individual is the pillar on whom the whole edifice of a nation stands. It is in this sense the national integration is more a myth than a reality, more a dream than a fact, more a conceived concept by demagogues than an existing reality. India is under severe strain. She is passing through many a crisis. The crisis of India is the crisis of her citizens. It is the crisis of the inner and not the outer. India is a land of unity in diversity says Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Since the ancient times people belonging to different communities, religions and cultural groups have been living in this abode of sages and gods in perfect harmony. India was one country, strong and united during the reigns of Ashoka and Akbar. We will write a custom essay sample on National Integration specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on National Integration specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on National Integration specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Though there was not much of political unity, there was cultural and emotional unity in the country. Outwardly, India was politically united during the British regime, but the clever British rulers practiced the theory of divide and rule. They created disunity among the people belonging to different communities and provinces. They promoted fissiparous and separatist tendencies among people and sowed the seeds of communal dissensions and animosity between Hindus and Muslims, which flourished in the form of the partition of India and the blood-bath on the heels of partition in 1947. Thus, it is also a lesson of our history that fissiparous forces have time and again raised their bead to disrupt our unity and to weaken our strength. When India attained independence, the leaders were immediately faced with the stupendous task of modernizing the economy and of welding the people into one integrated nation, First of all, Sardar Patel wisely integrated almost 560 princely States into the Indian Union, Being fully aware of the diverse elements m the country, the Government took adequate measures to promote national integration. The Constitution made India a secular state, guaranteeing equal status and respect to all religions, and the freedom to practice and propagate them. Unaccountability was abolished acid special provision were made to uplift the scheduled castes and tribes. Safeguards were allowed for linguistic and communal minorities. But while considerable progress was made in forty one year of independence, fissiparous forces, though held in check, repeatedly raised their ugly head in one form or the other. There are certain any-national elements inside the country and some hostile neighbors who are jealously at work to see that India is disintegrated into small states. Certain foreign powers are also jealous of Indias achievements and are out to weaken it. The main obstacles in the way of national integration are : communalism, racialism, provincialism, linguism and casteism etc. Passions have lime and again been inflamed in the name of language leading to riots between different language groups in a state. Regionalism and separatism threatens fragmentation of the country as in Assam, Arunachal, Punjab and now Gorkhaland in West Bengal. Untouchability and caste prejudices are still the bane of the Indian social life and atrocities on Harijans still continue to be reported. Communalism, the legacy of the British rule, still persists in India. Communal riots are still taking place in different parts of the country. The fanatics in each community simply refuse to see reason. This has led to the growth of various sena which further vitiate the communal atmosphere and create communal tension. The advent of terrorism, a comparatively recent phenomenon, has posed a potent danger to the concept of national integration and to the security and stability of human life. These terrorists are the greatest enemies of the nation. They indulge in the most inhuman and gruesome activities like mass massacre that puts humanity itself to shame. Among the other factors leading to disintegration are defective educational system, lop-sided role of political parties and the great economic factor. One disastrous effect of foreign rule was the cultural denudation of the educated youth by means of westernized education which presented colored and distorted versions of our history and culture. Political parties in this country give first priority to their political ambitions at the cost of love for the country. They do not hesitate to exploit communal, regional and other parochial passions; the temptations of power are too strong for some politicians and parties. But one of the greatest cause of disintegration is the great economic factor—the ever widening gulf between the rich and the poor. So long as this gap lasts, all talks of national integration will sound hollow. How is national integration to be accomplished. The first and the foremost step is to eradicate terrorism from the soil of India. The Central Government must check obscurantism, regionalism and separatism with an iron hand. The Government should never yield to regional pressures, particularly when they are in the form of violence and intimidation. Linguistic fanaticism should be suppressed, but there is need of a common national language to inculcate a sense of unity. A nation which has no language of its own is no nation it can never achieve integration in any real sense. Fissiparous tendencies cannot be checked by force and the compulsions of law. They have to be eradicated by persuasion and education. The battle of national integration is to be waged in the minds of men. All media of mass communications, such as newspapers, radio and television must be utilized for a drive for promoting national unity. Then, our educational system must be so reconstructed as to emphasize the composite nature of our culture and to instill in the minds of the youth legitimate pride in our social heritage. Promotion of national integration should be made an integral part of our educational programme. There should be a positive change in the attitude of the majority community towards the minorities so that the latter join the main stream of the nation. Indian nationalism must fight the pernicious caste system tooth and nail. Students of minority communities should be offered equal opportunities for all jobs and services. Political parties have a significant role to play in shaping the national outlook. They need greater discipline and restraint in India than those in other countries. They must learn to subordinate other political ambitions, to the imperative need, of bringing various people together and they must train people to think in national terms. Finally, there can never be sense or unity of fellow feeling in a country where there are huge inequalities in the distribution of national income and wealth. The best way to achieve national integration, to mobilize all our resources for rapid development and to archive stability is to make Nehrujis concept of Democratic Socialism a reality. For the national integration, it is essential that people should give up communal and sectarian outlook. They should reconsider themselves as Indians first and Indians last. Emotional and psychological integration is vital to national integration. National integration depends on the Indianization of the educated masses, eliminating parochial loyalties, establishing social justice and reconstructing the educational system to give it a truly national bias.